Bu rapor, \u00d6zbekistan\u2019daki insan haklar\u0131 durumunu kapsaml\u0131 bir \u015fekilde incelemekte ve uluslararas\u0131 hukuk \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde de\u011ferlendirmeler sunmaktad\u0131r. Reformlar\u0131n etkisini analiz ederken, ayn\u0131 zamanda s\u00fcregelen hak ihlallerine dikkat \u00e7ekmekte ve hukuki, kurumsal ve politik d\u00fczeyde at\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken ad\u0131mlara dair somut \u00f6nerilerde bulunmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle ifade ve bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, din ve vicdan \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131, i\u015fkence yasa\u011f\u0131, zorla \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma ve kad\u0131n haklar\u0131 gibi alanlara odaklanarak, insan haklar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 ve geli\u015ftirilmesine y\u00f6nelik yol haritas\u0131 sunmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Yasal ve Kurumsal Reformlar <\/h4> <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u00d6zbekistan h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, son y\u0131llarda yarg\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmak, temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckleri geni\u015fletmek ve insan haklar\u0131 standartlar\u0131n\u0131 uluslararas\u0131 normlara uyumlu hale getirmek amac\u0131yla bir dizi reform ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu kapsamda, yarg\u0131 mekanizmalar\u0131n\u0131n etkinli\u011fini art\u0131rmaya y\u00f6nelik yap\u0131sal de\u011fi\u015fiklikler yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, mahkemelerin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmeye y\u00f6nelik d\u00fczenlemeler getirilmi\u015f ve ceza adaleti sisteminde iyile\u015ftirmeler yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>
H\u00fck\u00fcmet ayr\u0131ca, insan haklar\u0131 ihlallerine kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadelede daha \u015feffaf bir yap\u0131 olu\u015fturmay\u0131 ve hukukun \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc sa\u011flamay\u0131 hedefleyen yasal de\u011fi\u015fiklikler yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle i\u015fkence ve k\u00f6t\u00fc muamelenin \u00f6nlenmesi, kad\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131, ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn geni\u015fletilmesi ve sivil toplum \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin faaliyetlerini kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmaya y\u00f6nelik baz\u0131 ad\u0131mlar at\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>
Ancak, bu reformlar\u0131n uygulamada etkisinin s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6zlemlenmektedir. Yarg\u0131n\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda hala ciddi eksiklikler bulunmakta, y\u00fcr\u00fctme organ\u0131n\u0131n yarg\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7lerine m\u00fcdahalesi devam etmektedir. Adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131 ihlalleri s\u00fcrmekte, g\u00f6zalt\u0131 merkezlerinde k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele ve i\u015fkenceye y\u00f6nelik etkili bir soru\u015fturma mekanizmas\u0131 bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Medya ve sivil toplum \u00fczerindeki bask\u0131lar azalmam\u0131\u015f, ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczerindeki k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar s\u00fcrmektedir.<\/p>
Reformlar\u0131n etkinli\u011fini art\u0131rmak ve hukukun \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in yarg\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tam anlam\u0131yla tesis edilmesi, g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin keyfi uygulamalar\u0131na son verilmesi, sivil toplum kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na olanak tan\u0131nmas\u0131 ve ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc koruyacak g\u00fcvencelerin art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Reformlar\u0131n yaln\u0131zca yasal de\u011fi\u015fiklikler d\u00fczeyinde kalmay\u0131p uygulamaya da yans\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131, insan haklar\u0131 alan\u0131ndaki geli\u015fmelerin kal\u0131c\u0131 hale gelmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan kritik \u00f6neme sahiptir.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u0130fade \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve Medya <\/h4> <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u00d6zbekistan\u2019da ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z medya \u00fczerindeki bask\u0131lar devam etmekte, gazeteciler ve aktivistler sistematik olarak sans\u00fcr, yasal k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar ve g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin tehditleriyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalmaktad\u0131r. H\u00fck\u00fcmet, bas\u0131n ve sosyal medya platformlar\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcmet politikalar\u0131n\u0131 ele\u015ftiren i\u00e7eriklere y\u00f6nelik kat\u0131 denetimler uygulamakta ve muhalif g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerin yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemek amac\u0131yla \u00e7e\u015fitli yasal d\u00fczenlemeleri kullanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>
Gazetecilere y\u00f6nelik keyfi g\u00f6zalt\u0131lar, tutuklamalar ve tehditler ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00f6n\u00fcndeki en b\u00fcy\u00fck engellerden biri olmaya devam etmektedir. \u00d6zellikle yolsuzluk, insan haklar\u0131 ihlalleri ve h\u00fck\u00fcmetin uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131 ele\u015ftiren haberlere imza atan gazeteciler, \u00e7e\u015fitli su\u00e7lamalarla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya b\u0131rak\u0131lmakta ve uzun s\u00fcreli mahkumiyetlere maruz kalabilmektedir. Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z haber kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n faaliyetleri ciddi \u015fekilde s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, medya kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc h\u00fck\u00fcmet kontrol\u00fcne tabi hale getirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>
\u0130nternet ve sosyal medya \u00fczerindeki denetimler de giderek artmaktad\u0131r. H\u00fck\u00fcmet, belirli d\u00f6nemlerde internet eri\u015fimini k\u0131s\u0131tlamakta, sans\u00fcre tabi tutmakta ve ele\u015ftirel i\u00e7erikleri kald\u0131rmak i\u00e7in bask\u0131 uygulamaktad\u0131r. Online platformlarda h\u00fck\u00fcmeti ele\u015ftiren payla\u015f\u0131mlar yapan bireyler, g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7leri taraf\u0131ndan hedef al\u0131nmakta ve hakaret, kamu d\u00fczenini bozma veya a\u015f\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k yanl\u0131s\u0131 propaganda gibi su\u00e7lamalarla yarg\u0131lanabilmektedir.<\/p>
Ayr\u0131ca, medya \u00fczerindeki yasal d\u00fczenlemeler, gazetecilerin ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z medya kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrce \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 engelleyecek \u015fekilde tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. S\u0131k s\u0131k de\u011fi\u015ftirilen medya yasalar\u0131, i\u00e7erik \u00fcreticilerinin h\u00fck\u00fcmet taraf\u0131ndan belirlenen s\u0131n\u0131rlar i\u00e7inde kalmas\u0131n\u0131 zorunlu k\u0131lmakta ve bas\u0131n mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n otosans\u00fcr uygulamas\u0131na neden olmaktad\u0131r. Devletin medya \u00fczerindeki kontrol\u00fc, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z habercili\u011fin s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirli\u011fini tehdit ederken, uluslararas\u0131 medya kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fclkedeki faaliyetleri de s\u0131k\u0131 denetim alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f veya tamamen engellenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>
\u00d6zbekistan’da ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn tam anlam\u0131yla sa\u011flanabilmesi i\u00e7in gazetecilere y\u00f6nelik bask\u0131lar\u0131n sonland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, keyfi tutuklamalar\u0131n durdurulmas\u0131, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z medya kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n serbest\u00e7e faaliyet g\u00f6stermesine izin verilmesi ve h\u00fck\u00fcmetin medya \u00fczerindeki denetimini gev\u015fetmesi gerekmektedir. \u0130nternet ve sosyal medya \u00fczerindeki sans\u00fcr\u00fcn kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, yurtta\u015flar\u0131n bilgiye \u00f6zg\u00fcrce eri\u015fimini sa\u011flamak a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan kritik \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. \u00d6zg\u00fcr ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir medya ortam\u0131, demokratik bir toplumun temel ta\u015flar\u0131ndan biridir ve \u00d6zbekistan’da bu alan\u0131n g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131 i\u00e7in somut ad\u0131mlar at\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Din ve Vicdan \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc <\/h4> <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u00d6zbekistan\u2019da din ve vicdan \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, yasal \u00e7er\u00e7evede g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olsa da pratikte ciddi k\u0131s\u0131tlamalarla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131yad\u0131r. Dini gruplar ve bireyler, inan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6zg\u00fcrce ifade etme, ibadet etme ve dini topluluklar olu\u015fturma konusunda \u00f6nemli engellerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Devletin, dini faaliyetleri s\u0131k\u0131 bir \u015fekilde denetlemesi ve belirli inan\u00e7 gruplar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik bask\u0131 uygulamas\u0131, \u00fclkedeki dini \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalmas\u0131na neden olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>
\u00d6zellikle M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar, resmi dini otoriteler taraf\u0131ndan belirlenen uygulamalar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kmalar\u0131 halinde \u00e7e\u015fitli k\u0131s\u0131tlamalarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Sakal b\u0131rakmak, ba\u015f\u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc takmak gibi bireysel dini uygulamalar resmi kurumlarda ve e\u011fitim alan\u0131nda yasaklanm\u0131\u015f ya da dolayl\u0131 olarak engellenmi\u015ftir. Cami d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kamusal alanda namaz k\u0131lmak yasaklanm\u0131\u015f, dini k\u0131yafetlerin kullan\u0131m\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, resmi olarak tan\u0131nmam\u0131\u015f dini gruplar\u0131n ibadet yerleri a\u00e7malar\u0131 veya dini toplant\u0131lar d\u00fczenlemeleri engellenmekte ve bu t\u00fcr faaliyetler yasal yapt\u0131r\u0131mlara tabi tutulmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>
Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z dini gruplar\u0131n faaliyet g\u00f6stermesi zorla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, yeni dini topluluklar\u0131n resmi tan\u0131nma s\u00fcre\u00e7leri b\u00fcrokratik engellerle dolu hale getirilmi\u015ftir. Mevcut yasal d\u00fczenlemeler, dini gruplar\u0131n faaliyet g\u00f6stermesini devletin onay\u0131na tabi k\u0131lmakta ve \u00f6zellikle devlet taraf\u0131ndan kontrol edilmeyen dini cemaatler i\u00e7in ciddi k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar getirmektedir. Resmi tan\u0131nma alamayan topluluklar, ibadet yerlerini a\u00e7amamakta ve dini faaliyetlerini gizli \u015fekilde y\u00fcr\u00fctmek zorunda kalmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>
\u00d6zbekistan\u2019da dini yay\u0131nlar ve materyaller de s\u0131k\u0131 bir denetime tabidir. Dini i\u00e7erikli kitaplar, internet payla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 ve medya i\u00e7erikleri, devletin kontrol mekanizmalar\u0131ndan ge\u00e7mekte ve onaylanmayan dini materyallerin da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 ciddi cezalarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Bu durum, bireylerin dini bilgileri serbest\u00e7e payla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 ve yaymas\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131tlamakta, dini e\u011fitimi b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde devlet kontrol\u00fcne b\u0131rakmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>
Dini \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin tam anlam\u0131yla korunabilmesi i\u00e7in \u00d6zbekistan\u2019da dini topluluklar\u0131n resmi tan\u0131nma s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, bireylerin inan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ifade etme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131 ve dini uygulamalar \u00fczerindeki k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca, dini yay\u0131nlar \u00fczerindeki sans\u00fcr\u00fcn sonland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve devletin belirli inan\u00e7 gruplar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik ayr\u0131mc\u0131 politikalar\u0131ndan vazge\u00e7mesi, \u00fclkede din ve vicdan \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn geli\u015fmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan kritik \u00f6neme sahiptir.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u0130\u015fkence ve K\u00f6t\u00fc Muamele Yasa\u011f\u0131 <\/h4> <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u00d6zbekistan\u2019da g\u00f6zalt\u0131nda i\u015fkence ve k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele uygulamalar\u0131na ili\u015fkin ciddi iddialar devam etmekte, bu t\u00fcr ihlallerin \u00f6nlenmesine y\u00f6nelik etkili ad\u0131mlar at\u0131lmamaktad\u0131r. Kolluk kuvvetleri ve g\u00fcvenlik birimleri taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131nan bireylerin fiziksel ve psikolojik bask\u0131ya maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair \u00e7ok say\u0131da rapor bulunmaktad\u0131r. \u0130\u015fkence vakalar\u0131, \u00f6zellikle cezaevlerinde, g\u00f6zalt\u0131 merkezlerinde ve sorgu s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinde yayg\u0131n \u015fekilde bildirilmektedir.<\/p>
G\u00f6zalt\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda zorla itiraf alma, fiziksel \u015fiddet, uzun s\u00fcreli izolasyon, uykusuz b\u0131rakma ve psikolojik bask\u0131 gibi k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele y\u00f6ntemleri s\u0131k\u00e7a kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u0130\u015fkenceye maruz kalan bireyler \u00e7o\u011fu zaman ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir doktor muayenesine eri\u015fememekte ve sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetlerinden mahrum b\u0131rak\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, ma\u011fdurlar\u0131n yarg\u0131 s\u00fcrecinde adil bir \u015fekilde kendilerini savunma haklar\u0131 ciddi \u015fekilde k\u0131s\u0131tlanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>
Yetkililer, i\u015fkence ve k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele iddialar\u0131n\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ve tarafs\u0131z bir \u015fekilde soru\u015fturmamakta, failler genellikle cezas\u0131z kalmaktad\u0131r. Kolluk kuvvetleri ve g\u00fcvenlik birimlerinin yetkilerini k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 cayd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 mekanizmalar\u0131n bulunmamas\u0131, i\u015fkence vakalar\u0131n\u0131n devam etmesine neden olmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle siyasi mahkumlar, dini gruplara mensup bireyler ve h\u00fck\u00fcmet politikalar\u0131n\u0131 ele\u015ftiren aktivistler, g\u00f6zalt\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinde hedef al\u0131nmakta ve a\u011f\u0131r fiziksel \u015fiddete maruz kalmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>
\u0130\u015fkenceyi \u00f6nlemek ve cezas\u0131zl\u0131k k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc sona erdirmek i\u00e7in \u00d6zbekistan’da etkin bir denetim ve hesap verebilirlik mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. \u0130\u015fkenceye kar\u0131\u015fan g\u00f6revlilerin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z mahkemeler \u00f6n\u00fcnde yarg\u0131lanmas\u0131 ve ma\u011fdurlar i\u00e7in etkin bir \u015fikayet mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 kritik \u00f6neme sahiptir. Ayr\u0131ca, g\u00f6zalt\u0131 merkezlerinde ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z g\u00f6zlemcilerin denetim yapabilmesi sa\u011flanmal\u0131 ve i\u015fkenceyi yasaklayan uluslararas\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmelere tam uyum sa\u011flanmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130\u015fkenceye s\u0131f\u0131r tolerans yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 benimsenmedi\u011fi s\u00fcrece, hukukun \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve temel insan haklar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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